Methodology

Every layer in Mandum Rimba has a source, a retrieval date, and a methodology. This page explains where the data comes from, how it is processed, and its limitations.

Data sources

• Global Forest Watch — RADD / GLAD alerts, UMD annual tree cover loss — CC BY 4.0
• BNPB DIBI — disaster events (floods, landslides), via the UNDRR DesInventar mirror — Public data (UNDRR DesInventar)
• GFW concession layers (Greenpeace-derived) — oil palm (v2025), wood fiber (v2025), logging (v202106) — CC BY 4.0
• Maus et al. 2022 — global mining land use (footprint), via GFW / PANGAEA — CC BY 4.0
• GBIF — protected-wildlife occurrence records (30 flagship species, Sumatra–Papua; land, sea & freshwater) — Per-dataset (CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-NC)
• IUCN Red List of Threatened Species — conservation status (CR/EN/VU/NT/LC) of each flagship species — IUCN Red List terms (non-commercial use, attribution)
• Permen LHK P.106/2018 — Indonesia's official list of protected animals & plants (species selection) — Public regulation
• CITES Appendices — internationally protected/traded species (species selection) — Public (CITES Secretariat)
• RESOLVE Ecoregions 2017 — wildlife habitat units, via UNEP-WCMC — CC BY 4.0
• Protected Planet (WDPA) — protected areas — WDPA terms (no redistribution)
• KLHK PIPPIB — forest moratorium — Public data
• Trase — palm exporter ↔ deforestation linkage — CC BY 4.0
• Nusantara Atlas — monthly reports (cite & link only) — See source
• GADM 4.1 — administrative boundaries — Academic / non-commercial use
• HydroBASINS — watersheds — HydroSHEDS license

Limitations

Satellite alerts have false positives; pixel resolution is 10-30 m; public concession boundaries can be outdated; watershed aggregation approximates by intersecting administrative regions. The methodology version is stamped on every derived record and every change is noted in this changelog.

Methodology changelog

• 2026.06.1 — Wildlife coverage expanded from 10 to 30 flagship species — every biogeographic region (Sundaland, Wallacea, Papua) and ecosystem (land, sea, freshwater), not just western Indonesia. Species now selected from Indonesia's protected-species law (Permen LHK P.106/2018), KKP marine rules & CITES, with IUCN Red List status and GBIF occurrences (filtered to 1990–present, removing stale museum specimens). Every occurrence coordinate is validated against an Indonesia land mask (Natural Earth 1:50m) and the species' realm, so marine animals mis-plotted inland (or land animals offshore) are dropped as gross coordinate errors — legitimate coastal records are kept. The layer was renamed from 'threatened' to 'protected' wildlife to match.
• 2026.06.0 — Initial data pipeline: ingest and publish deforestation alerts, concessions, protected & moratorium areas, disasters, wildlife habitat and occurrences.